{"id":1547,"date":"2026-04-28T15:41:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T15:41:11","guid":{"rendered":"?p=1547"},"modified":"2026-10-23T12:49:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T12:49:01","slug":"cooperative-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/cooperative-learning","title":{"rendered":"Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00edce zkouman\u00fdm a nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdukov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m posledn\u00edch pades\u00e1ti let. Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou st\u00e1le rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed co do dovednost\u00ed, jazyk\u016f i styl\u016f u\u010den\u00ed, tradi\u010dn\u00ed front\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fduka \u010dasto nedok\u00e1\u017ee zaujmout ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka. Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed strukturovanou alternativu: \u017e\u00e1ci spolupracuj\u00ed v mal\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch na spole\u010dn\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch c\u00edlech a z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozv\u00edjej\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, komunika\u010dn\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed kompetence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek vysv\u011btluje, co je kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed od prost\u00e9 skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kdo tento p\u0159\u00edstup zalo\u017eil a jak\u00e9 strategie, v\u010detn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch Kaganov\u00fdch struktur, mohou u\u010ditel\u00e9 ve sv\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch hned pou\u017e\u00edt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u0165 u\u010d\u00edte na prvn\u00edm stupni, na druh\u00e9m stupni \u010di st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kole, nebo vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1te dosp\u011bl\u00e9, najdete zde praktick\u00e9 rady, jak za\u010d\u00edt kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed zapojovat do ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co znamen\u00e1 kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed je v\u00fdukov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, v n\u011bm\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci pracuj\u00ed v mal\u00fdch, strukturovan\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch tak, aby co nejv\u00edce pos\u00edlili sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed i u\u010den\u00ed ostatn\u00edch. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00ed skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, kde cel\u00fd \u00fakol \u010dasto t\u00e1hnou jeden \u010di dva \u017e\u00e1ci, stoj\u00ed kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed na pe\u010dliv\u011b navr\u017een\u00fdch interakc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 a ka\u017ed\u00fd z pr\u00e1ce t\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenka je jednoduch\u00e1, ale siln\u00e1: \u017e\u00e1ci se u\u010d\u00ed l\u00e9pe, kdy\u017e se navz\u00e1jem u\u010d\u00ed, diskutuj\u00ed o my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch a spole\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my pod veden\u00edm u\u010ditele. V\u00fdzkumy opakovan\u011b ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed zlep\u0161uje studijn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed, motivaci, sebe\u00factu i interkulturn\u00ed vztahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V kooperativn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed u\u010ditel jako pr\u016fvodce, kter\u00fd navrhuje \u00falohy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou z\u00e1vislost, odpov\u011bdnost a smyslupln\u00fd dialog mezi \u017e\u00e1ky. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00edlem nen\u00ed jen zvl\u00e1dnout u\u010divo, ale tak\u00e9 rozv\u00edjet \u017eivotn\u00ed dovednosti, jako je spolupr\u00e1ce, empatie a v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed schopnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-neve-link-color-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/course-catalogue#download-catalogue\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:50px;border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:50px;border-bottom-right-radius:50px\">St\u00e1hn\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 katalog kurz\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kooperativn\u00ed v\u00fduka a u\u010den\u00ed: \u010d\u00edm se li\u0161\u00ed od skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mnoho u\u010ditel\u016f si kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed plete s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi skupinov\u00fdmi aktivitami. Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve struktu\u0159e a z\u00e1m\u011brnosti. P\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u00ed skupinov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti mohou \u017e\u00e1ci sed\u011bt spolu, ale pracovat ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m, nebo jeden \u017e\u00e1k dominuje a ostatn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pasivn\u00ed. Kooperativn\u00ed v\u00fduka a u\u010den\u00ed naopak vy\u017eaduje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jasn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed c\u00edle sd\u00edlen\u00e9 se skupinou;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vymezen\u00e9 role pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlena (nap\u0159. zapisovatel, \u010dasom\u011b\u0159i\u010d, moder\u00e1tor, mluv\u010d\u00ed);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>strukturovan\u00e9 \u00falohy, kter\u00e9 nelze splnit bez skute\u010dn\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed studijn\u00edho pokroku i dynamiky skupiny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00edky tomuto z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9mu n\u00e1vrhu se t\u0159\u00edda m\u011bn\u00ed ve spole\u010denstv\u00ed, kde m\u00e1 hlas ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka svou v\u00e1hu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kooperativn\u00ed v\u00fduka znamen\u00e1 i zm\u011bnu role u\u010ditele: z p\u0159edavatele znalost\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 tv\u016frce vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed a pozorovatel skupinov\u00fdch proces\u016f. U\u010ditel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed tyto facilita\u010dn\u00ed kompetence rozv\u00edjet, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci t\u00e9ma <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/empowering-learners-through-a-coaching-approach\">posilov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f pomoc\u00ed kou\u010dovac\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje\" class=\"wp-image-6307 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje\" class=\"wp-image-6307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-930x620.png 930w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-2-scaled.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdo je otcem kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">David W. Johnson a jeho bratr Roger T. Johnson jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za zakladatele modern\u00edho kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed. Od 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed v Cooperative Learning Center na University of Minnesota a publikovali stovky studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed studijn\u00ed i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy kooperativn\u00edch metod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jejich pr\u00e1ce nav\u00e1zala na teorii soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti, kterou ve 40. letech rozvinul Morton Deutsch a kter\u00e1 sama vych\u00e1zela z v\u00fdzkumu skupinov\u00e9 dynamiky Kurta Lewina. Johnsonovi formulovali p\u011bt z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f, jimi\u017e se kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed odli\u0161uje od jin\u00fdch skupinov\u00fdch strategi\u00ed, a dali u\u010ditel\u016fm pevn\u00fd teoretick\u00fd i praktick\u00fd r\u00e1mec, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm osobnostem pat\u0159\u00ed Robert Slavin, autor metody Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD), Elizabeth Cohen s modelem Complex Instruction a Spencer Kagan, tv\u016frce vlivn\u00fdch Kaganov\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-neve-link-color-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/course-catalogue#download-catalogue\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:50px;border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:50px;border-bottom-right-radius:50px\">St\u00e1hn\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 katalog kurz\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00fdch je 5 prvk\u016f kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podle Johnsonov\u00fdch stoj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed na p\u011bti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvc\u00edch. Bez nich z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 skupinov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce povrchn\u00ed a ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px auto; background-color: white; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); display: table;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Prvek<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Charakteristika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u010clenov\u00e9 skupiny mus\u00ed vn\u00edmat, \u017ee jsou propojeni tak, \u017ee nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee usp\u011bt, pokud neusp\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161ichni. Vznik\u00e1 d\u00edky spole\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm, spole\u010dn\u00fdm odm\u011bn\u00e1m, rozd\u011blen\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm nebo dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm se rol\u00edm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za vlastn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed a za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos. Zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed ji individu\u00e1ln\u00ed kv\u00edzy, n\u00e1hodn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br \u017e\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd pod\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vu, nebo zad\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Podp\u016frn\u00e1 interakce<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u017d\u00e1ci si mus\u00ed aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1hat, povzbuzovat se a podporovat ve snaze u\u010dit se. Nezbytn\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dialog, vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Interperson\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti a dovednosti pr\u00e1ce v mal\u00e9 skupin\u011b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u017d\u00e1ky je t\u0159eba v\u00fdslovn\u011b u\u010dit dovednosti, jako je aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed konstruktivn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Reflexe skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Skupiny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010das zamyslet se nad t\u00edm, jak dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed a jak se mohou zlep\u0161it; rozv\u00edjej\u00ed tak metakognici a kompetence ke spolupr\u00e1ci.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010clenov\u00e9 skupiny mus\u00ed vn\u00edmat, \u017ee jsou propojeni tak, \u017ee nikdo nem\u016f\u017ee usp\u011bt, pokud neusp\u011bj\u00ed v\u0161ichni. U\u010ditel vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou z\u00e1vislost pomoc\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, spole\u010dn\u00fdch odm\u011bn, rozd\u011blen\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nebo dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch se rol\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za vlastn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed a za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos. Lze to zajistit individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi kv\u00edzy, n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm v\u00fdb\u011brem \u017e\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd pod\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vu za skupinu, nebo zad\u00e1n\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f v r\u00e1mci aktivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Podp\u016frn\u00e1 interakce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u017d\u00e1ci si mus\u00ed aktivn\u011b pom\u00e1hat, povzbuzovat se a podporovat ve snaze u\u010dit se. Nezbytn\u00fd je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dialog, vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento prvek d\u011bl\u00e1 z kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed hluboce soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Interperson\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti a dovednosti pr\u00e1ce v mal\u00e9 skupin\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spolupr\u00e1ce nevznik\u00e1 automaticky. \u017d\u00e1ky je t\u0159eba v\u00fdslovn\u011b u\u010dit dovednosti, jako je aktivn\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed, rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed konflikt\u016f a poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed konstruktivn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby. Tyto dovednosti jsou stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako samotn\u00e9 u\u010divo. Svou schopnost tyto kompetence u\u010dit mohou pedagogov\u00e9 pos\u00edlit; pom\u016f\u017ee jim \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/soft-skills-and-emotional-intelligence-for-teachers-and-education-staff\">m\u011bkk\u00fdch dovednost\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed inteligence pro u\u010ditele a pracovn\u00edky ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Reflexe skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skupiny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010das zamyslet se nad t\u00edm, jak dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed a jak se mohou zlep\u0161it. Reflexe skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm rozv\u00edjet metakognici a dlouhodob\u011b posiluje kompetence ke spolupr\u00e1ci. U\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/effective-group-management-in-education-fostering-teamwork-among-students\">efektivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed skupin ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a podporu t\u00fdmov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce \u017e\u00e1k\u016f<\/a> mohou tyto reflexn\u00ed procesy l\u00e9pe usm\u011br\u0148ovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje\" class=\"wp-image-6291 lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje\" class=\"wp-image-6291\" srcset=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-930x620.png 930w, https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/cooperative-learning-3-scaled.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak\u00fdch je 5 strategi\u00ed kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Strategi\u00ed kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed existuj\u00ed des\u00edtky, ale p\u011bt z nich je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d p\u0159edm\u011bty i v\u011bkov\u00fdmi skupinami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px auto; background-color: white; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); display: table;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Strategie<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Charakteristika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Think-Pair-Share (p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej \u2013 diskutuj ve dvojici \u2013 sd\u00edlej)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u017d\u00e1ci nejprve sami p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o ot\u00e1zce, pak ji proberou se spolu\u017e\u00e1kem a nakonec sd\u00edlej\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f se t\u0159\u00eddou. Jednoduch\u00e9, nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edpravu a v\u00fdborn\u00e9 pro aktivaci p\u0159edchoz\u00edch znalost\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Jigsaw (skl\u00e1da\u010dka)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k se stane \u201eexpertem\u201c na jednu \u010d\u00e1st u\u010diva a tu pak nau\u010d\u00ed svou skupinu. Podporuje hloubkov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou z\u00e1vislost.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Round Robin \/ Round Table (kole\u010dko)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen postupn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1pady, tak\u017ee se v\u0161ichni zapoj\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b. P\u00edsemn\u00e1 varianta (Round Table) je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro brainstorming.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Numbered Heads Together (o\u010d\u00edslovan\u00e9 hlavy)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u017d\u00e1ci v ka\u017ed\u00e9 skupin\u011b dostanou \u010d\u00edsla; po spole\u010dn\u00e9 diskusi nad ot\u00e1zkou u\u010ditel vyvol\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslo a dan\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za skupinu. Zaru\u010duje individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>Three-Step Interview (rozhovor ve t\u0159ech kroc\u00edch)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">\u017d\u00e1ci se ve dvojic\u00edch navz\u00e1jem vyzpov\u00eddaj\u00ed a pak sd\u00edlej\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f sv\u00e9ho partnera s dal\u0161\u00ed dvojic\u00ed. Rozv\u00edj\u00ed naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed a schopnost shrnout.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Think-pair-share. \u017d\u00e1ci nejprve sami p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o ot\u00e1zce, pak ji proberou se spolu\u017e\u00e1kem a nakonec sd\u00edlej\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f se t\u0159\u00eddou. Je to jednoduch\u00e9, nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edpravu a v\u00fdborn\u00e9 pro aktivaci p\u0159edchoz\u00edch znalost\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jigsaw (skl\u00e1da\u010dka). Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k se stane \u201eexpertem\u201c na jednu \u010d\u00e1st u\u010diva a tu pak nau\u010d\u00ed svou skupinu. Tato strategie podporuje hloubkov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed a pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemnou z\u00e1vislost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Round robin \/ Round table. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen postupn\u011b p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1pady, tak\u017ee se v\u0161ichni zapoj\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u011b. P\u00edsemn\u00e1 varianta (Round table) je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro brainstorming.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numbered heads together. \u017d\u00e1ci v ka\u017ed\u00e9 skupin\u011b dostanou \u010d\u00edsla; po spole\u010dn\u00e9 diskusi nad ot\u00e1zkou u\u010ditel vyvol\u00e1 \u010d\u00edslo a dan\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za skupinu. T\u00edm je zaru\u010dena individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Three-step interview. \u017d\u00e1ci se ve dvojic\u00edch navz\u00e1jem vyzpov\u00eddaj\u00ed a pak sd\u00edlej\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f sv\u00e9ho partnera s dal\u0161\u00ed dvojic\u00ed. Rozv\u00edj\u00ed to naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed a schopnost shrnout.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tyto strategie dob\u0159e zapadaj\u00ed do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/unlocking-learning-potential-modern-teaching-methods-for-effective-education\">odemyk\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu u\u010den\u00ed: modern\u00ed v\u00fdukov\u00e9 metody pro efektivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> a lze je kombinovat s <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/non-formal-education-teaching-methods-and-strategies\">metodami a strategiemi neform\u00e1ln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-neve-link-color-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/course-catalogue#download-catalogue\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:50px;border-top-right-radius:50px;border-bottom-left-radius:50px;border-bottom-right-radius:50px\">St\u00e1hn\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 katalog kurz\u016f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaganovy struktury: praktick\u00fd r\u00e1mec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spencer Kagan vytvo\u0159il ucelen\u00fd syst\u00e9m kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Kaganovy struktury. Jde o v\u00fdukov\u00e9 postupy nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na obsahu, nap\u0159\u00edklad RallyRobin, Timed Pair Share, Quiz-Quiz-Trade nebo StandUp-HandUp-PairUp, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt v jak\u00e9mkoli p\u0159edm\u011btu a ro\u010dn\u00edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00edla Kaganova p\u0159\u00edstupu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve \u010dty\u0159ech hlavn\u00edch principech, kter\u00e9 shrnuje zkratka PIES:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sou\u010dasn\u00e1 interakce. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaganovy struktury jsou navr\u017eeny tak, aby byli v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci zapojeni sou\u010dasn\u011b, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlu\u017euje \u010das aktivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edm modelem ot\u00e1zka\u2013odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin: 20px auto; background-color: white; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); display: table;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Princip<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #3963a0ff; color: white; padding: 15px 12px; text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px;\">Charakteristika<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>P &#8211; pozitivn\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost (Positive Interdependence)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Hlavn\u00ed princip Kaganov\u00fdch struktur, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 jsou v kooperativn\u00edch \u00faloh\u00e1ch navz\u00e1jem propojeni.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>I &#8211; individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost (Individual Accountability)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Hlavn\u00ed princip, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00ednos.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>E &#8211; rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed (Equal Participation)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Hlavn\u00ed princip, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee se v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci zapojuj\u00ed ve srovnateln\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\"><strong>S &#8211; sou\u010dasn\u00e1 interakce (Simultaneous Interaction)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\">Hlavn\u00ed princip, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee jsou v\u0161ichni \u017e\u00e1ci zapojeni sou\u010dasn\u011b, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlu\u017euje \u010das aktivn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edm modelem ot\u00e1zka\u2013odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U\u010ditel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u016fj v\u00fdukov\u00fd reperto\u00e1r, mohou Kaganovy struktury kombinovat s <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/discover-the-power-of-game-based-learning-and-gamification-in-education\">objevov\u00e1n\u00edm s\u00edly u\u010den\u00ed hrou a gamifikace ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> a vytv\u00e1\u0159et tak velmi poutav\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak zav\u00e9st kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed do va\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaveden\u00ed kooperativn\u00edho u\u010den\u00ed vy\u017eaduje pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, trp\u011blivost a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017enou reflexi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Za\u010dn\u011bte v mal\u00e9m: zave\u010fte jednu strukturu, sledujte, jak na ni \u017e\u00e1ci reaguj\u00ed, a postupn\u011b si budujte reperto\u00e1r. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdslovn\u011b u\u010dte \u017e\u00e1ky dovednosti spolupr\u00e1ce a navrhujte \u00falohy, kter\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u017eaduj\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyhra\u010fte \u010das na reflexi skupinov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/cultural-diversity-in-education-approaches-practices-for-inclusive-classroom\">kulturn\u011b rozmanit\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch, kde se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed inkluzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy a postupy,<\/a> u\u010ditel\u00e9 zjist\u00ed, \u017ee kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u011b podporuje <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/inclusive-education-and-special-needs-learning-from-the-italian-approach\">inkluzivn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1k\u016f se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami podle italsk\u00e9ho modelu<\/a> t\u00edm, \u017ee oce\u0148uje p\u0159\u00ednos ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1ka a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed strukturovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro vz\u00e1jemnou podporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i soustavn\u00e9m uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy v \u017eiv\u00e1 spole\u010denstv\u00ed, v nich\u017e \u017e\u00e1ci rozv\u00edjej\u00ed nejen studijn\u00ed kompetence, ale i soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a emo\u010dn\u00ed dovednosti pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro \u017eivot v propojen\u00e9m a rozmanit\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pedagogov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed komplexn\u00ed profesn\u00ed rozvoj v t\u011bchto metod\u00e1ch, mohou prozkoumat <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/integrating-innovative-teaching-methods-in-education\">za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inovativn\u00edch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch metod do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/exploring-innovative-teaching-methods\">zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed inovativn\u00edch v\u00fdukov\u00fdch metod<\/a> a z\u00edskat tak cenn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cooperative learning is one of the most researched and effective teaching methodologies of the last fifty years. In a classroom that is increasingly diverse in terms of skills, languages, and learning styles, traditional frontal lessons often fail to engage every student. Cooperative learning offers a structured alternative: students work together in small groups to achieve&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/blog\/cooperative-learning\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Kooperativn\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed: co to je a jak funguje<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teaching-methods"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1547","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1547"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14246,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1547\/revisions\/14246"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/erasmustrainingcourses.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}